This circuit is designed by dushyant kumar in 2021
* Battery A (initially charged) runs the motor.
* The motor spins the dynamo.
* The dynamo attempts to charge Battery B (initially low).
* Once Battery A is depleted, you switch the roles: Battery B then runs the motor, and the dynamo attempts to charge Battery A.
This is still, unfortunately, a design that falls under the category of a “perpetual motion machine of the first kind,” which is impossible according to the fundamental laws of thermodynamics.
But why the circuit still fail in auto charging
* Law of Conservation of Energy (First Law of Thermodynamics): Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. In any energy conversion, there are always losses.
* Efficiency is always less than 100%:
* Battery A to Motor: A battery has internal resistance, and motors have inefficiencies (heat loss, friction, air resistance, core losses in windings). Let’s say a good DC motor is 80-90% efficient.
* Motor to Dynamo (Generator): The mechanical coupling between the motor and dynamo will have friction. The dynamo itself (which is essentially a motor running in reverse) also has inefficiencies (winding resistance, magnetic losses, mechanical friction). A good dynamo might be 70-85% efficient.
* Dynamo to Battery B: The electrical output of the dynamo might need rectification (converting AC to DC if it’s an AC generator, or smoothing a pulsed DC from a DC generator) and voltage regulation. These processes introduce more losses. The battery itself is not 100% efficient during charging (some energy is converted to heat). Battery charging efficiency can range from 70-95% depending on the chemistry and charge rate.
The combined efficiency of the entire loop (Battery -> Motor -> Dynamo -> Battery) will be the product of all these individual efficiencies, which will be significantly less than 100%.
Let’s use some illustrative numbers:
* Motor efficiency: 85% (0.85)
* Dynamo efficiency: 80% (0.80)
* Charging circuit/battery charging efficiency: 80% (0.80)
Total round-trip efficiency: 0.85 \times 0.80 \times 0.80 = 0.544 or 54.4%
This means for every 100 units of energy you take out of Battery A, only about 54.4 units of energy make it into Battery B.
So, when Battery A is depleted, Battery B will have significantly less energy than Battery A started with. If you then try to use Battery B to charge Battery A, Battery A will receive even less energy, and the cycle will quickly die out.
It’s like trying to keep two buckets full by repeatedly pouring water from one into the other using a leaky dipper. Both buckets will eventually become empty.
This concept is a well-known thought experiment used to demonstrate why perpetual motion is impossible. To charge a battery, you always need an external energy source that provides more energy than the losses in your charging system.
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